Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL Number 11. July 2025 Pp. 223-234

Examining the Impact of WhatsApp-Aided Peer-Review Technique on EFL Students’ Paragraph Writing Skills

English Language Department, College of Arts
University of Ha'il, Hail 81481, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

WhatsApp is one of the most influential online applications in use today. The present study examines the effectiveness of the WhatsApp-Aided Peer-Review Technique (WAPRT) in enhancing the writing abilities of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at the University of Ha’il in Saudi Arabia. The study aims to measure the significance of improvement following the WAPRT intervention, gauge students’ entry-level writing proficiency, and assess the efficacy of the method from the viewpoint of educators. Data was gathered from 16 participants’ electronic surveys and pre- and post-test writing assignments using a quasi-experimental design. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests, revealed a statistically significant improvement in writing skills (p = .000) that supports the efficacy of WAPRT. Writing anxiety of the students was slightly reduced but was not statistically significant (p = .140). The findings recognize WAPRT as an effective tool for promoting EFL writing skills, particularly in collaborative and technology-enabled learning conditions. The study calls for the integration of positive peer-review practices within classrooms, training teachers on how to leverage WhatsApp to support writing instruction, and exploring other online spaces for the same interventions. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-enhanced language learning and offers practical insights for EFL teachers seeking innovative ways to enhance students’ writing. By enhancing EFL students’ writing skills, the study contributes to their academic success, employment, and overall quality of life in a technology-driven world

Cite as:

Aljabr, F. (2025). Examining the Impact of WhatsApp-Aided Peer-Review Technique on EFL Students’ Paragraph Writing Skills. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (11):223-234.

References:

Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H. (2020). Using computer software as a tool of error analysis: Giving EFL teachers and learners a much-needed impetus. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(2), 417-437.

Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H., & Abduh, M. Y. M. (2021). English writing proficiency and apprehensions among Saudi College students: Facts and remedies. TESOL International Journal, 16(1), 34-56.

Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H., & Alharbi, M. A. (2021). MALL in collaborative learning as a vocabulary-enhancing tool for EFL learners: A study across two Universities in Saudi Arabia. Sage Open, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021999062

Albelihi, H. H. M., & Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H. (2021). EFL students’ writing performance: A study of the role of peer and small-group feedback. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(4), 2224-2234.

Aljabr, F., Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H., & Daghamin, R. (2023). Influence of Social Networking Sites on Undergraduate Saudi EFL Learners: A Study at Ha’il University. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(11), 3030-3038. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1311.33

Almahasneh, A.M.S., & Abdul- Hamid, S. (2019). The Effect of Using Peer Assessment Training on Writing Performance among Arab EFL High School Students in Malaysia. Arab World English Journal, 10(1),105-115. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol10no1.10

Al Mukhallafi, T. R. (2024). Saudia EFL Students’ Attitudes toward the Usage of Web Enhanced Language Learning. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (10). 332-348. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call10.21

Alqasham, F. H., & Al-Ahdal, A. A. M. H. (2022). Effectiveness of mind-mapping as a digital brainstorming technique in enhancing attitudes of Saudi EFL learners to writing skills. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(2), 1141-1156.

Alt, D., Raichel, N., & Naamati-Schneider, L. (2022). Higher education students’ reflective journal writing and lifelong learning skills: Insights from an exploratory sequential study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-17.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707168

Daweli, T. W. (2018). Engaging Saudi EFL Students in Online Peer Review in a Saudi University Context. Arab World English Journal, 9 (4), 270-280. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no4.20

Deliany, Z., Erfan, E., & Bindarti, W. E. (2020). The Effect of Using 3-2-1 Strategy on Students’ reading Comprehension Achievement. SAGA: Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 1(2), 137-144.  https://doi.org/10.21460/saga.2020.12.39

Ferris, D. R. (2003). Response to student writing: Implications for second language students. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Ferris, D., & Hedgcock, J. S. (1998). Teaching ESL composition: Purpose, process, and practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Fithriani, R. (2017). Indonesian students’ perceptions of written feedback in second language writing (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Hazhar, A, Kausar, S., & Mohammed, O. (2023). Social Networking Sites Mediated Course Reflections on Instructional Technology: A Case Study of Female Students at Women’s University. TESOL and Technology Studies, 4(2), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.48185/tts.v4i1.836

Hidayati, T. (2016). Integrating ICT in English language teaching and learning in Indonesia. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 3(1), 38-61. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v3i1.173

Hyland, K. (2019). Second language writing. Cambridge University Press.

Kontak, J. S. (2021). Collaborative learning and critical thinking in a WhatsApp group (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, USA.

Latifi, S., Noroozi, O., & Talaee, E. (2021). Peer feedback or peer feedforward? Enhancing students’ argumentative peer learning processes and outcomes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(2), 768-784. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13054

Leijen, D. A. (2017). A novel approach to examine the impact of web-based peer review on the revisions of L2 writers. Computers and Composition, 43, 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2016.11.005

Lin, S., Liu, E., & Yuan, S. (2001). Web-based peer assessment: Feedback for students with various thinking styles. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17(4), 420–432. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2001.00198.x

Magulod Jr, G. C., Capulso, L. B., Tabiolo, C. D. L., Luza, M. N., & Ramada, M. G. C. (2020). Use of technology-based tools in ensuring quality of publishable journal articles. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(11), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.11.9

Manan, N. A. (2017). Whatsapp mobile tool in second language learning. Indonesian EFL Journal, 3(1), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v3i1.657

Noyan, E., & Kocoglu, Z. (2019). Developing EFL Writing Skills through WhatsApp Dialogue Journaling. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 10(2). 38-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.2p.38

Orsmond, P., Maw, S. J., Park, J., & Gomez, S. (2013). Moving feedback forward: theory to practice. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(2), 240-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2011.625472

Prat-Sala, M., & Redford, P. (2012). Writing essays: Does self-efficacy matter? The relationship between self-efficacy in reading and in writing and undergraduate students’ performance in essay writing. Educational Psychology, 32(1), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2011.621411  

Prior, P. (2013). Writing/disciplinarity: A sociohistoric account of literate activity in the academy. Routledge.

Rad, D., Magulod Jr, G. C., Balas, E., Roman, A., Egerau, A., Maier, R., … & Chis, R. (2022). A radial basis function neural network approach to predict preschool teachers’ technology acceptance behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.880753

Saeed, M. A., & Ghazali, K. (2017). Asynchronous group review of EFL writing: Interactions and text revisions. Language Learning & Technology, 21(2), 200-226.

Sartika, D., & Arriyani, N. (2020). Enhancing students writing skill to write descriptive text using Peer Review and Free Writing Techniques. English Community Journal, 4(2), 90-97.

Schweiker-Marra, K.E., & Marra, W.T. (2000). Investigating the effects of prewriting activities on writing performance and anxiety of at-risk students. Reading Psychology, 21, 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702710050084437

Spielberger, S.L. (2015). Effects of an expressive writing intervention aimed at improving academic performance by reducing test anxiety. [Master’s thesis, Syracuse University].‏

Thomas, E. N. (2010). Eighth-grade writing: A mixed-methods study of the impact of criterion-referenced peer feedback on students’ writing achievement. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Capella University. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Tragant, E., Pinyana, À., Mackay, J., & Andria, M. (2022). Extending language learning beyond the EFL classroom through WhatsApp. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(8), 1946-1974. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1854310

Tsai, C.-C., & Liang, J.-C. (2009). The development of science activities via on-line peer assessment: The role of scientific epistemological views. Instructional Science, 37(3), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-007-9047-0

Tseng, S. C., & Tsai, C. C. (2007). On-line peer assessment and the role of the peer feedback: A study of high school computer course. Computers & Education, 49(4), 1161–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2006.01.007

Ulla, M. B., & Perales, W. F. (2021). Facebook as an integrated online learning support application during the COVID19 pandemic: Thai university students’ experiences and perspectives. Heliyon, 7(11), 1-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08317

Wu, Y., & Schunn, C. D. (2021). The effects of providing and receiving peer feedback on writing performance and learning of secondary school students. American Educational Research Journal, 58(3), 492-526. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831220945266

Xie, X., Nimehchisalem, V., Yong, M.F., & Yap, N.T. (2024). Malaysian Students’ Perceptions towards Using Peer Feedback to Cultivate Evaluative Judgement of Argumentative Writing. Arab World English Journal, 15(1): .298-313. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol15no1.19

Zhang, B. (2025). Engaging in dialogue during collaborative writing: The role of affective, cognitive, and social engagement. Language Teaching Research, 29(1), 33-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211054047

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Tumblr
Reddit
Email
StumbleUpon
Digg

Dr. Fahad Aljabr is an associate professor in the English department at the University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Aljabr has a master’s degree in Applied Linguistics from the University of Adelaide 2011 and a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the University of Birmingham, 2018. His research interests include: discourse analysis, evaluative language, ESL/EFL teaching and learning, AI in education.
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-1060