Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL Number 11. July 2025 Pp. 252-270

Enhancing Reading Fluency in Saudi EFL Undergraduates with the Microsoft Teams Reading Progress Tool: A Mixed-Methods Approach

Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Al-Baha University
Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author: A.alslamei@bu.edu.sa

Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Al-Baha University
Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

This mixed-methods study investigates the effectiveness of the Reading Progress Tool on Microsoft Teams in enhancing reading fluency among first-year Saudi undergraduate students studying English as a Foreign Language. Its primary goal is to answer: How effective is the Reading Progress Tool for improving Saudi EFL students’ reading fluency? Conducted over nine weeks in the second term of the 2023–2024 academic year, the study involved 40 students, both male and female, from four reading course sections at Al-Baha University’s Department of Foreign Languages. These students were equally split into an experimental group, which used the Reading Progress Tool on Microsoft Teams, and a control group, which followed traditional reading methods. Additionally, four instructors were interviewed to provide qualitative insights. The results revealed that the experimental group experienced significant gains in reading fluency and actively engaged with the module’s features and feedback. Based on these findings, the study recommends incorporating this tool into the Rafid platform or creating a similar one to support data-driven, student-centered reading instruction. It also advocates for further research with larger, more diverse samples to explore the long-term impacts and broader applicability of technology-based reading interventions in EFL contexts.

Cite as:

Alsalami, A. I., &  Mohammed, A. (2025). Enhancing Reading Fluency in Saudi EFL Undergraduates with the Microsoft Teams Reading Progress Tool: A Mixed-Methods Approach.  Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (11): 252-270

References:

Abdelshaheed, B. (2024). Digital collaborative learning: Promoting reading comprehension and vocabulary among Saudi university English majors. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL, (10), 118–133. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call10.9

Ahmed, R. A. I., & Rajab, H. (2015). Enhancing elementary-level EFL students’ reading comprehension and writing skills through an extensive reading enrichment program. International Journal of English Language Education, 3(2), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v3i2.7742

AlDakhil, A. M., & AlFadda, H. A. (2022). Investigating Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of Busuu application using the technology acceptance model (TAM). Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), Special Issue on CALL (8), 168–186. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call8.12

Alharbi, A. M. W. (2022). Reading skills among EFL learners in Saudi Arabia: A review of challenges and solutions. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 15(3), 204–208. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.3.0922

Saud Alenezi, S. (2021).  Investigating Saudi EFL Students’ Knowledge and Beliefs Related to English Reading Comprehension. Arab World English Journal, 12(1) 339–356. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no1.23

Qrqez, M.,  & Ab Rashid. R.  (2017). Reading Comprehension Difficulties among EFL Learners: The Case of First and Second-Year Students at Yarmouk University in Jordan. Arab World English Journal, 8 (3). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no3.27

Eppard, J., Baroudi, S., & Rochdi, A. (2020). A Case Study on Improving Reading Fluency at a University in the UAE. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 747–766. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13148a

Akhmetova, A., Imambayeva, G., & Csapó, B. (2022). A study of reading attitude and reading achievement among young learners in middle school. Heliyon, 8(7), e09946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09946

Samaranayake, S. W., Kositchaivat, S., & Thienpermpool, P. (2022). Effectiveness of In-House Materials on Academic Reading Proficiency of College-Level Omani Students. Arab English World Journal, 13(4) 454-467. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no4.30

Alrabai, F. (2016). Factors underlying low achievement of Saudi EFL learners. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6(3), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n3p21

Alshammari, H. A. (2022). Investigating the low English proficiency of Saudi EFL learners. Arab World English Journal, 13(1), 129–144. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no1.9

Balan, S., Katenga, J., & Simon, A. (2019). Reading habits and their influence on academic achievement among students at Asia Pacific International University. Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference, 7(1), 1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.928

Cambourne, B. L., & Crouch, D. K. (2022). The literacy journey: From a psychological to a biological way of thinking about learning to read and write. International Encyclopedia of Education (4th ed., pp. 837–848). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.07105-0

Chotitham, S., & Wongwanich, S. (2014). The reading attitude measurement aims to enhance elementary school students’ achievement. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3213–3217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.737

Chu, L., Li, P., & Yu, M. (2019). The longitudinal effect of children’s self-regulated learning on reading habits and well-being. International Journal of Educational Research, 104, 101673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101673

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Criollo-C S, Lema M, Gonzalez MS, Jaramillo-Alcázar A, Guerrero-Arias A, Luján-Mora S (2021). Exploring the technological acceptance of a mobile learning tool used in the teaching of an indigenous language. PeerJ Computer Science 7:e550 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.550

Gördeslioğlu, N. G., & Yüzer, T. E. (2019). Using LMS and blended learning in designing a course to facilitate foreign language learning. KnE Social Sciences, 3(24), 10–25. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i24.5164

Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. Cambridge University Press.

Granić, A. (2022). Educational technology adoption: A systematic review. Education and Information Technologies, 27(8), 9725–9744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10951-7

Guvenc, G. (2017). The effect of awareness raising about using cognitive strategies in foreign language teaching on students’ development of reading comprehension skills. SHS SHS Web Conf. 37 01048 (2017). DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20173701048

Hsiao, K., & Chen, C. (2017). Value-based adoption of e-book subscription services: The roles of environmental concerns and reading habits. Telematics and Informatics, 34(5), 434–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.09.004

Hsieh, J. S. C., Wu, W. C. V., & Marek, M. W. (2016). Technological acceptance of LINE in flipped EFL oral training. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 463–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.005

Huang, F., & Teo, T. (2019). Influence of teacher-perceived organisational culture and school policy on Chinese teachers’ intention to use technology: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(2), 1019–1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09722-y

Kacetl, J., & Klímová, B. (2019). Use of smartphone applications in English language learning—A challenge for foreign language education. Education Sciences, 9(3), 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030179

Kashoob, M., & Attamimi, R. (2021). Exploring Omani EFL students’ perceptions of the newly adopted online learning platforms at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences–Salalah. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(2), 28–36. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1290540

Kim, H., & Ro, E. (2023). Additive extensive reading and syntactic development in second language writing: Analyses of syntactic complexity and sophistication in young EFL learners’ book reports. Journal of Second Language Writing, 61, 101040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2023.101040

Kong, Y., Seo, Y. S., & Zhai, L. (2021). ICT and digital reading achievement: A cross-national comparison using PISA 2018 data. International Journal of Educational Research, 111, 101912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101912

Lau, K. H., Lam, T., Kam, B. H., Nkhoma, M., Richardson, J., & Thomas, S. (2018). The role of textbook learning resources in e-learning: A taxonomic study. Computers & Education, 118, 10–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.11.005

McManus, J. L., Saucier, D. A., & Reid, J. E. (2021). A meta-analytic review of interventions to improve children’s attitudes toward their peers with intellectual disabilities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 65, 101948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101948

McKenna, M.C., & Kear, D.J. (1990, May). Measuring attitude toward reading: A new tool for teachers. The Reading Teacher, 43(8), 626–639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1598/RT.43.8.3

Microsoft. (2021). Reading Progress in Microsoft Teams. Retrieved from https://education.microsoft.com

Ministry of Education. (2020). The national strategy for education development. [Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Education].

Mizher, R., Amoush, K., & Alwreikat, A. (2022). EFL students’ attitudes towards using online learning during Covid-19: Applying Technology Acceptance Model. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), Special Issue on CALL (8), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call8.6

Mohammed, A. (2021). Students’ Speaking Proficiency and Self-efficacy Theory. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(2), 318–325. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9660

Nambiar, D. (2020). The impact of online learning during COVID-19: Students’ and teachers’ perspective. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 783–793. https://doi.org/10.25215/0802.094

Ni, A., Cheung, A. C. K., & Shi, J. (2022). Effects of educational technology on reading achievement for Chinese K-12 English second language learners: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1025761. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1025761

Oakley, G. (2024). Digital technologies for teaching reading fluency: Where are we and where could we go? In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI) (pp. 713–719). https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.0274

Omar, A., & Saleem, A. S. (2021). A computer-based model to improve the performance of struggling EFL readers in lifelong and continuous learning programs in Saudi universities. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(1), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.34

Özdemir, O., & Karafil, B. (2023). Exploring English Self-Efficacy Beliefs of University Students based on EFL Students’ and Their Instructors’ Opinions. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(3), 2237-2271. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1275454

Ro, E. (2016). Exploring teachers’ practices and students’ perceptions of the extensive reading approach in EAP reading classes. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 22, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2016.01.006

Rofiah, N. L., & Waluyo, B. (2020). Using Socrative for vocabulary tests: Thai EFL learner acceptance and perceived risk of cheating. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(3), 966–982. https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.3.14.966

Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York, NY: The Free Press.

Sasikala, K., Katenga, J., & Simon, A. (2019). Reading habits and their influence on academic achievement among students at Asia Pacific International University. Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference, 7(1), Article 928. https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.928

Sinaga, P., Setiawan, W., & Liana, M. (2022). The impact of electronic interactive teaching materials (EITMs) in e-learning on junior high school students’ critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101066

Sun, W. F., & Zou, B. (2022). A study of pre-service EFL teachers’ acceptance of online teaching and the influencing factors. Language Learning & Technology, 26(2), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.10125/73476

Thürer, S., Nieuwenboom, W., Schüpbach, M., & Lilla, N. (2022). Immigrant students’ acculturation profile and reading competence development in secondary school and beyond. International Journal of Educational Research, 118, 102139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102139

Wang, J., Liu, M., & Wang, J. (2023). Understanding teachers’ technology integration through the lens of the technology acceptance model. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(2), 528–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13221

Zhunussova, G. (2021). Language teachers’ attitudes towards English in a multilingual setting. System, 100, 102558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102558

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Tumblr
Reddit
Email
StumbleUpon
Digg

Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim Alsalami is an Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics at Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia. He holds a BA in English Language from King Abdulaziz University, and both an MA and a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the University of Newcastle and the University of Western Sydney, Australia. He currently serves as the Executive Director of the Applied College. His research interests include EFL, SL writing, ESP, CDA, and sociolinguistics. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0989-3752

Dr. Abdelaziz Mohammed, an Assistant Professor of Applied Linguistics at Al-Baha University in Saudi Arabia, holds a Ph.D. from Gezira University, Sudan. He has worked at King Saud University (Saudi Arabia), Shaqra University (Saudi Arabia), and Yobe State University, Damaturu (Nigeria). With over nine publications, he is an editorial board member and reviewer for various English journals. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-7590